Tagore's oldest brother Dwijendranath was a philosopher and poet. Tagore's father invited several professional Dhrupad musicians to stay in the house and teach Indian classical music to the children. They hosted the publication of literary magazines theatre and recitals of Bengali and Western classical music featured there regularly. The Tagore family was at the forefront of the Bengal renaissance. Tagore was raised mostly by servants his mother had died in his early childhood and his father travelled widely. The Sri Lankan national anthem was inspired by his work. His compositions were chosen by two nations as national anthems: India's " Jana Gana Mana" and Bangladesh's " Amar Shonar Bangla". Gitanjali ( Song Offerings), Gora ( Fair-Faced) and Ghare-Baire ( The Home and the World) are his best-known works, and his verse, short stories, and novels were acclaimed-or panned-for their lyricism, colloquialism, naturalism, and unnatural contemplation. His novels, stories, songs, dance-dramas, and essays spoke to topics political and personal. Tagore modernised Bengali art by spurning rigid classical forms and resisting linguistic strictures. As an exponent of the Bengal Renaissance, he advanced a vast canon that comprised paintings, sketches and doodles, hundreds of texts, and some two thousand songs his legacy also endures in his founding of Visva-Bharati University. As a humanist, universalist, internationalist, and ardent critic of nationalism, he denounced the British Raj and advocated independence from Britain. By 1877 he graduated to his first short stories and dramas, published under his real name. At the age of sixteen, he released his first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhānusiṃha ("Sun Lion"), which were seized upon by literary authorities as long-lost classics. Ī Bengali Brahmin from Calcutta with ancestral gentry roots in Burdwan district and Jessore, Tagore wrote poetry as an eight-year-old. Referred to as "the Bard of Bengal", Tagore was known by sobriquets: Gurudev, Kobiguru, Biswakobi. He was a fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society. Tagore's poetic songs were viewed as spiritual and mercurial however, his "elegant prose and magical poetry" remain largely unknown outside Bengal. Author of the "profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful" poetry of Gitanjali, he became in 1913 the first non-European and the first lyricist to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. He reshaped Bengali literature and music as well as Indian art with Contextual Modernism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Rabindranath Tagore FRAS ( / r ə ˈ b ɪ n d r ə n ɑː t t æ ˈ ɡ ɔːr/ ( listen) Bengali: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর – 7 August 1941) was a Bengali polymath who worked as a poet, writer, playwright, composer, philosopher, social reformer and painter.
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